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1.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34207877

ABSTRACT

Health determinants might play an important role in shaping the impacts related to long-term disasters such as droughts. Understanding their distribution in populated dry regions may help to map vulnerabilities and set coping strategies for current and future threats to human health. The aim of the study was to identify the most vulnerable municipalities of the Brazilian semiarid region when it comes to the relationship between drought, health, and their determinants using a multidimensional index. From a place-based framework, epidemiological, socio-economic, rural, and health infrastructure data were obtained for 1135 municipalities in the Brazilian semiarid region. An exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce 32 variables to four independent factors and compute a Health Vulnerability Index. The health vulnerability was modulated by social determinants, rural characteristics, and access to water in this semiarid region. There was a clear distinction between municipalities with the highest human welfare and economic development and those municipalities with the worst living conditions and health status. Spatial patterns showed a cluster of the most vulnerable municipalities in the western, eastern, and northeastern portions of the semiarid region. The spatial visualization of the associated vulnerabilities supports decision making on health promotion policies that should focus on reducing social inequality. In addition, policymakers are presented with a simple tool to identify populations or areas with the worst socioeconomic and health conditions, which can facilitate the targeting of actions and resources on a more equitable basis. Further, the results contribute to the understanding of social determinants that may be related to medium- and long-term health outcomes in the region.


Subject(s)
Disasters , Droughts , Brazil , Cities , Humans , Socioeconomic Factors
2.
Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis ; 2020: 6301310, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33273915

ABSTRACT

Aiming to optimize and adjust leishmaniasis prevention and control measures for the resident population of Pains, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, a structured questionnaire containing conceptual questions and questions about household characteristics was used to evaluate knowledge level and exposure risk. A total of 396 individuals were interviewed revealing unscientific and fragmented knowledge about the subject for most of the studied population. The female population was found to have 1.68 times more chance of knowing about the disease than the male population, while highly educated individuals were found to have 2.92 times more chances of knowing about leishmaniasis compared to basic educated individuals. All of the respondents reported the presence of, at least, one risk factor, while ages ≥40 years were considered a protective factor compared to younger ages, indicating that older individuals are more likely to recognize risks and protect themselves against leishmaniasis. These results will contribute to the production of didactic materials for the population with respect to their previous knowledge and will provide a basis for control and prophylactic measures.

3.
Saúde debate ; 44(spe2): 316-333, Jul. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280662

ABSTRACT

RESUMO As projeções climáticas para o final do século XXI sugerem a intensificação de eventos extremos que podem causar danos diretos e indiretos à saúde pública e impactar, em diferentes proporções, as populações vulneráveis. Nesse âmbito, destaca-se a vigilância em saúde por suas relevantes ações em todas as etapas de gestão de risco dos desastres. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura científica sobre a vigilância em saúde e desastres de origem natural, com intuito de descrever as principais abordagens desses temas. Observou-se que as publicações têm como assunto central os efeitos dos desastres sobre a saúde; as ações do setor saúde em desastres, o sistema/fluxo de informação em saúde e as condições de vulnerabilidade aos desastres. Os dois primeiros tópicos são mais prevalentes na literatura e permitem o compartilhamento das lições aprendidas ao longo dos anos. Embora em menor número, os dois últimos temas apresentam discussões relevantes para a temática da gestão de risco de desastres e têm muito a contribuir para o avanço da cultura de risco no País, para uma melhor compreensão da realidade e para a resiliência tanto populacional quanto institucional. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se a importância de mais estudos sobre essas temáticas.


ABSTRACT Climate projections for the end of the 21st century suggest the intensification of extreme events that can cause direct and indirect damage to public health and impact differently on vulnerable populations. In this context, health surveillance stands out for its relevant actions in all stages of disaster risk management. The aim of this paper was to review the scientific literature on health surveillance and natural disasters in a global context, in order to describe the main approaches to such themes. Publications tend to focus on the health effects of disasters; health sector actions in disasters, the health information system/flow, and conditions of vulnerability and disasters. The first two topics are more prevalent in the literature and allow the sharing of lessons learned over the years. Although in smaller numbers, the last two themes present discussions relevant to the theme of disaster risk management and have much to contribute to the advancement of risk culture in the country, for a better understanding of the reality and for the resilience of both the population and institutions. In this sense, the importance of further studies on these themes is emphasized.

4.
Sci Total Environ ; 706: 134629, 2020 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31864137

ABSTRACT

Human vulnerability represents an open field of study that allows us, through the use of indicators, to measure a territory's weakness and potential for dealing with negative climate impacts. This kind of assessment is important within the scope of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially as a tool that is able to direct the strategies and planning in countries in the context of regional climate change (SDG 13.2). The aim of this work is to demonstrate the application of a method that uses a software created for the Brazilian context (SISVUCLIMA) to evaluate human vulnerability to climate change in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Via an assessment of socioeconomics, demographics, climate, epidemiological, and environmental aspects compiled to develop a municipal vulnerability index, it was clear that the central and western mesoregions of Maranhão are more fragile regarding exposure, sensitivity, and adaptative capacities. These locations may be the most affected by rising temperatures and reduced rainfall that is projected for the next 20 years in the region. It is believed that the results obtained in this study may contribute indirectly to the adoption of effective actions directed at SDG 13 and other SDGs in the country. By considering the socio-ecological and health determinants that define the vulnerability profile of the municipalities of Maranhão, it will be possible to suggest specific actions to reduce the fragility of the local population to climate impacts. Through a spatial and multi-dimensional view of the problem, the proposed indicators can act as an effective instrument for overall environmental management from a sustainable perspective.


Subject(s)
Sustainable Development , Brazil , Cities , Environment , Goals , Humans
5.
Saúde Soc ; 28(1): 299-321, jan.-mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-991661

ABSTRACT

Resumo A mudança do clima representa séria ameaça para a população humana, causando impactos em diferentes setores. Conhecer os fatores que elevam a vulnerabilidade do ser humano à mudança do clima permite identificar pontos críticos e direcionar ações imediatas para reduzi-la. Assim, este estudo desenvolveu e aplicou um índice de vulnerabilidade à mudança do clima para as microrregiões do Espírito Santo, abarcando os elementos fundamentais da vulnerabilidade - exposição, sensibilidade e capacidade adaptativa. Anomalias climáticas de precipitação e temperatura também foram usadas para estimar as alterações para o futuro. A construção dos indicadores se baseou na atribuição de notas indicativas de vulnerabilidade para cada grupo de municípios (clustering), com posterior média aritmética e padronização dos valores para gerar índices variando entre 0 e 1. Verificou-se que a microrregião Noroeste apresenta vulnerabilidade extremamente elevada, em virtude de características, sociodemográficas, econômicas e ambientais. Todo o estado poderá ser afetado por alterações do clima futuro, principalmente pelo aumento de temperaturas médias. O norte do estado poderá ter aumento no número de dias secos consecutivos. Espera-se que esses resultados contribuam para orientar ações de adaptação à mudança do clima e aumentar a resiliência do território a partir da identificação das vulnerabilidades existentes.


Abstract Climate change poses a serious threat to the human population, causing impacts in different sectors. Understanding the factors that may increase human's vulnerability to climate change allows to identify critical points and to direct immediate actions to reduce vulnerability. Thus, this study developed and applied an index of vulnerability to climate change for the microregions of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, encompassing the key elements of vulnerability - Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity. Climatic anomalies of precipitation and temperature were also used for estimate future climate changes. Construction of the indicators was based on the assignment of scores indicating levels of vulnerability for each group of municipalities (clustering); subsequent arithmetic mean and standardization of the values were applied to generate indices from 0 and 1. The Northwestern microregion presented high vulnerability due to its sociodemographic, economic and environmental characteristics. In addition, the entire state may be affected by changes in future climate, mainly by the increase of average temperatures. The Northern region may have a considerable increase in the number of consecutive dry days. These results are expected to contribute to guide actions of adaptation to the climate change and to increase the resilience of the territory from the identification of existing vulnerabilities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Climate Change , Public Health , Index , Vulnerability Study
6.
PLoS One ; 13(2): e0190808, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29444086

ABSTRACT

Vulnerability, understood as the propensity to be adversely affected, has attained importance in the context of climate change by helping to understand what makes populations and territories predisposed to its impacts. Conditions of vulnerability may vary depending on the characteristics of each territory studied-social, environmental, infrastructural, public policies, among others. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate what makes the municipalities of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, vulnerable to climate change in the context of the largest tropical forest in the world, and which regions of the State are the most susceptible. A Municipal Vulnerability Index was developed, which was used to associate current socio-environmental characteristics of municipalities with climate change scenarios in order to identify those that may be most affected by climate change. The results showed that poor adaptive capacity and poverty had the most influence on current vulnerability of the municipalities of Amazonas with the most vulnerable areas being the southern, northern, and eastern regions of the state. When current vulnerability was related to future climate change projections, the most vulnerable areas were the northern, northeastern, extreme southern, and southwestern regions. From a socio-environmental and climatic point of view, these regions should be a priority for public policy efforts to reduce their vulnerability and prepare them to cope with the adverse aspects of climate change.


Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources/methods , Tropical Climate , Brazil , Climate Change , Forests , Humans
7.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 19(2): 362-74, 2016.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27532759

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis represents an important burden of diseases in tropical countries, with significant levels of morbidity and mortality where they occur, including in Brazil. In this context, popular participation in prophylactic actions can be decisive for the success of the control strategies. OBJECTIVE: For this reason, this study aimed at investigating the population's knowledge concerning leishmaniasis and the occurrence of peridomiciliary risk factors associated with the population of Formiga, Minas Gerais. METHODS: A household questionnaire with a sample of 427 individuals was conducted between May and July 2011. RESULTS: Only 7.5% of the residents presented knowledge regarding leishmaniasis, most of them being women (OR = 3.15; 95%CI 1.30 - 7.65). The prevalence of peridomiciliary risks was 95%. A statistically significant association was found between higher education levels and less peridomiciliary risk factors (OR = 0.45; 95%CI 0.28 - 0.72) and between the place of residence and a higher number of risk factors (OR = 0.84; 95%CI 1.19 - 2.85). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the population has low levels of knowledge about leishmaniasis. Moreover, the majority of respondents are subject to some peridomiciliary risk factor, which may contribute to the maintenance of the disease cycle in the city.


Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Residence Characteristics , Risk Factors , Self Report , Young Adult
8.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 19(2): 362-374, Apr.-Jun. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-789568

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Introdução: As leishmanioses representam uma importante carga de doença nos países tropicais, apresentando índices significativos de morbimortalidade nos locais onde ocorrem, incluindo o Brasil. Nesse contexto, a participação popular nas ações profiláticas pode ser determinante para o êxito das estratégias de controle. Objetivo: Por isso, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar o conhecimento da população sobre as leishmanioses e a ocorrência de fatores de risco peridomiciliares associados à população no município de Formiga, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Foi realizado um inquérito domiciliar com uma amostra de 427 indivíduos entre maio e julho de 2011. Resultados: Apenas 7,5% dos moradores mostraram conhecimento sobre as leishmanioses, sendo principalmente as mulheres (OR = 3,15; IC95% 1,30 - 7,65). A prevalência de riscos peridomiciliares foi de 95%. Associação estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada entre maior escolaridade e menos fatores de risco peridomiciliares (OR = 0,45; IC95% 0,28 - 0,72) e entre o local de residência e maior número desses fatores de risco (OR = 1,84; IC95% 1,19 - 2,85). Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que há baixo nível de conhecimento sobre as leishmanioses por parte da população. Além disso, a maioria dos respondentes está sujeita a algum fator de risco peridomiciliar, fato que pode contribuir para a manutenção do ciclo da doença no município.


ABSTRACT: Introduction: Leishmaniasis represents an important burden of diseases in tropical countries, with significant levels of morbidity and mortality where they occur, including in Brazil. In this context, popular participation in prophylactic actions can be decisive for the success of the control strategies. Objective: For this reason, this study aimed at investigating the population's knowledge concerning leishmaniasis and the occurrence of peridomiciliary risk factors associated with the population of Formiga, Minas Gerais. Methods: A household questionnaire with a sample of 427 individuals was conducted between May and July 2011. Results: Only 7.5% of the residents presented knowledge regarding leishmaniasis, most of them being women (OR = 3.15; 95%CI 1.30 - 7.65). The prevalence of peridomiciliary risks was 95%. A statistically significant association was found between higher education levels and less peridomiciliary risk factors (OR = 0.45; 95%CI 0.28 - 0.72) and between the place of residence and a higher number of risk factors (OR = 0.84; 95%CI 1.19 - 2.85). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the population has low levels of knowledge about leishmaniasis. Moreover, the majority of respondents are subject to some peridomiciliary risk factor, which may contribute to the maintenance of the disease cycle in the city.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Brazil , Residence Characteristics , Risk Factors , Self Report
9.
Biomed Res Int ; 2015: 621854, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26229961

ABSTRACT

Some epidemiological aspects of leishmaniasis in the municipality of Formiga, Brazil, an important touristic site, were evaluated. Those included phlebotomine sand fly vectors, canine infection, and geoprocessing analysis for determining critical transmission areas. Sand flies (224 insects) belonging to ten different species were captured. The most captured species included Lutzomyia longipalpis (35.3%), Lutzomyia cortelezzii (33.5%), and Lutzomyia whitmani (18.3%). A significant correlation between sand fly densities and climatic conditions was detected. Serological diagnosis (DPP and ELISA) was performed in 570 dogs indicating a prevalence of 5.8%. After sequencing the main species circulating in the area were Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis. Spatial analysis demonstrated that vegetation and hydrography may be related to sand fly distribution and infected dogs. The municipality of Formiga has proven leishmaniasis vectors and infected dogs indicating the circulation of the parasite in the city. Correlation of those data with environmental and human cases has identified the critical areas for control interventions (south, northeast, and northwest). In conclusion, there is current transmission of visceral and canine human cases and the city is on the risk for the appearance of cutaneous cases.


Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , Spatial Analysis , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Dogs , Geography , Humans , Leishmania/genetics , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Leishmania/physiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Phlebotomus/physiology , Psychodidae/physiology , Risk Factors , Species Specificity
10.
Virulence ; 6(6): 554-7, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26177788

ABSTRACT

Infectious diseases form a group of health problems highly susceptible to the influences of climate. Adaptation to protect human population health from the changes in infectious disease epidemiology expected to occur as a consequence of climate change involve actions in the health systems as well as in other non-health sectors. In the health sector strategies such as enhanced and targeted epidemiological and entomological surveillance and the development of epidemic early warning systems informed by climate scenarios are needed. Measures in other sectors such as meteorology, civil defense and environmental sanitation will also contribute to a reduction in the risk of infection under climate change.


Subject(s)
Climate Change , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases/transmission , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Epidemiologic Methods , Environmental Monitoring , Humans
11.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2014. XIX, 122 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-940901

ABSTRACT

No Novo Mundo, as leishmanioses constituem um grupo de doenças negligenciadas, com alta prevalência mundial e que podem assumir formas graves. Elas são transmitidas ao homem pela picada de flebotomíneos, existindo uma gama de reservatórios, sendo o cão o principal hospedeiro urbano. Neste contexto, as leishmanioses, principalmente a forma visceral zoonótica, tem se urbanizado no Brasil e em várias partes do mundo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar alguns aspectos epidemiológicos das leishmanioses e o conhecimento da população sobre a doença no município de Formiga, MG. Estes aspectos se referem principalmente à fauna flebotomínica e à infecção canina. Para se conhecer a fauna flebotomínica, foram realizadas coletas sistemáticas mensais entre maio 2012 e abril 2013 utilizando armadilhas luminosas HP em 24 peridomicílios. Os exemplares foram identificados e sua densidade relacionada a fatores climáticos e ambientais. O estudo da frequência da leishmaniose canina foi realizado através da coleta de sangue de 570 cães e posterior análise sorológica (DPP® e ELISA) e molecular (LnPCR). As amostras positivas no LnPCR foram submetidas ao sequenciamento e PCR-RFLP a fim de determinar a espécie de Leishmania. Todos os locais de captura entomológica e os endereços dos cães positivos foram georreferenciados sobre a malha urbana do município e correlacionados aos casos humanos ea fatores ambientais locais. A população foi entrevistada a partir de um questionário quantitativo validado que abordou conceitos relevantes sobre a doença e sobre as condições do peridomicílio. Foram capturados 224 flebotomíneos de 10 espécies diferentes, sendo Lutzomyia longipalpis (35,3%), Lutzomyia cortelezzii (33,5%) e Lutzomyia whitmani (18,3%)as mais abundantes.


Foi observada correlação estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre a densidade total de flebotomíneos e a precipitação e temperatura. Em relação aos cães, a taxa de infecção encontrada, considerando os testes sorológicos e o molecular, foi de 19,1%. O sequenciamento e a PCR-RFLP permitiram identificar as espécies Leishmania infantum e Leishmania braziliensis infectando os cães. As análises espaciais demonstraram que L. whitmani (99,8%) se concentra nas proximidades de extensas áreas verdes e em distâncias de até 200m da vegetação. Lutzomyia longipalpis está mais associado à rede hidrográfica, se concentrando, principalmente, nas faixas distantes até 400m de um curso d’água. Para o município, flebotomíneos, cães positivos e casos humanos estão geograficamente relacionados, embora com pouca sobreposição de suas áreas de ocorrência. O estudo sobre o conhecimento da população revelou que os moradores de Formiga desconhecem completamente a doença (93%) e que 95% deles estão sob algum fator de risco. A existência de flebotomíneos comprovadamente vetores de leishmaniose visceral e tegumentar associado ao fato de existirem cães infectados com espécies, tanto dermotrópicas quanto viscerotrópicas do parasito, sugerem que no município está ocorrendo um ciclo de transmissão deleishmanioses visceral. Além disso, pode ocorrer um possível surgimento de casos humanos de leishmaniose tegumentar. Dessa forma, fica evidente que medidas de vigilância e controle precisam ser urgentemente estabelecidas na cidade para se evitar a dispersão e os óbitos por leishmaniose na região.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Knowledge , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Phlebotomus/parasitology
12.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2014. XIX, 122 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-760587

ABSTRACT

No Novo Mundo, as leishmanioses constituem um grupo de doenças negligenciadas, com alta prevalência mundial e que podem assumir formas graves. Elas são transmitidas ao homem pela picada de flebotomíneos, existindo uma gama de reservatórios, sendo o cão o principal hospedeiro urbano. Neste contexto, as leishmanioses, principalmente a forma visceral zoonótica, tem se urbanizado no Brasil e em várias partes do mundo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar alguns aspectos epidemiológicos das leishmanioses e o conhecimento da população sobre a doença no município de Formiga, MG. Estes aspectos se referem principalmente à fauna flebotomínica e à infecção canina. Para se conhecer a fauna flebotomínica, foram realizadas coletas sistemáticas mensais entre maio 2012 e abril 2013 utilizando armadilhas luminosas HP em 24 peridomicílios. Os exemplares foram identificados e sua densidade relacionada a fatores climáticos e ambientais. O estudo da frequência da leishmaniose canina foi realizado através da coleta de sangue de 570 cães e posterior análise sorológica (DPP® e ELISA) e molecular (LnPCR). As amostras positivas no LnPCR foram submetidas ao sequenciamento e PCR-RFLP a fim de determinar a espécie de Leishmania. Todos os locais de captura entomológica e os endereços dos cães positivos foram georreferenciados sobre a malha urbana do município e correlacionados aos casos humanos ea fatores ambientais locais. A população foi entrevistada a partir de um questionário quantitativo validado que abordou conceitos relevantes sobre a doença e sobre as condições do peridomicílio. Foram capturados 224 flebotomíneos de 10 espécies diferentes, sendo Lutzomyia longipalpis (35,3%), Lutzomyia cortelezzii (33,5%) e Lutzomyia whitmani (18,3%)as mais abundantes...


Foi observada correlação estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre a densidade total de flebotomíneos e a precipitação e temperatura. Em relação aos cães, a taxa de infecção encontrada, considerando os testes sorológicos e o molecular, foi de 19,1%. O sequenciamento e a PCR-RFLP permitiram identificar as espécies Leishmania infantum e Leishmania braziliensis infectando os cães. As análises espaciais demonstraram que L. whitmani (99,8%) se concentra nas proximidades de extensas áreas verdes e em distâncias de até 200m da vegetação. Lutzomyia longipalpis está mais associado à rede hidrográfica, se concentrando, principalmente, nas faixas distantes até 400m de um curso d’água. Para o município, flebotomíneos, cães positivos e casos humanos estão geograficamente relacionados, embora com pouca sobreposição de suas áreas de ocorrência. O estudo sobre o conhecimento da população revelou que os moradores de Formiga desconhecem completamente a doença (93%) e que 95% deles estão sob algum fator de risco. A existência de flebotomíneos comprovadamente vetores de leishmaniose visceral e tegumentar associado ao fato de existirem cães infectados com espécies, tanto dermotrópicas quanto viscerotrópicas do parasito, sugerem que no município está ocorrendo um ciclo de transmissão deleishmanioses visceral. Além disso, pode ocorrer um possível surgimento de casos humanos de leishmaniose tegumentar. Dessa forma, fica evidente que medidas de vigilância e controle precisam ser urgentemente estabelecidas na cidade para se evitar a dispersão e os óbitos por leishmaniose na região...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Knowledge , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Phlebotomus/parasitology
13.
J Trop Med ; 2012: 429586, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22991521

ABSTRACT

Background. Leishmaniases are diseases with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations including cutaneous (CL) and visceral (VL) forms. Many factors may affect their occurrence and expansion including environmental, geographic, and social conditions. In the past two decades, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, has exhibited the potential for a disease outbreak, with the appearance of CL, and VL cases (human and canine). Hence, this study was initiated to monitor public knowledge of the disease. Questionnaires were administered in four neighborhoods (Jardim Belvedere, Esplanada, Danilo Passos I and II) where most of the human and canine cases have been reported. The analyses demonstrated that public knowledge of the disease is sparse and fragmented. A strong perception of the dog as the main reservoir was observed. Five veterinary clinics were evaluated for the presence of canine VL using serological (RIFI and ELISA) and molecular (PCR-RFLP) techniques. This is the first study demonstrating the occurrence of Leishmania infantum in Divinópolis, suggesting a possible urbanization of VL.

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